Actividad física, adiposidad corporal y presión arterial como parámetros de riesgo para la salud en individuos con discapacidad intelectual / Physical activity, body adiposity and blood pressure as risk parameters for health in individuals with intellectual disability

Introducción: Se han reportado niveles bajos de actividad física (AF) y altos de obesidad en individuos con discapacidad intelectual (DI), asociado a múltiples barreras a las que se enfrentan para acceder a instalaciones deportivas o programas de ejercicio ubicándolas en una situación de vulnerabilidad ymayor riesgo de posible enfermedad cardiovascular (EVC). Objetivo: analizar el nivel de AF, la adiposidad corporal y la presión arterial en individuos con DI que acuden a un centro de capacitación ocupacional. Métodos: Se conformó una muestra de 11 hombres y 7 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 18 a los 60 años. Se obtuvieron datos de niveles de AF, así como de me-diciones del índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia dela cintura (CC), índice cintura-talla (ICT) y presión arterial. Resultados: Las mujeres obtuvieron mayores resultadosen los indicadores de adiposidad mientras que los hombresobtuvieron una presión arterial mayor, todas las variables sindiferencias significativas. Seguidamente, las mujeres presen-taron valores considerados de riesgo para la CC, IMC e ICT,en tanto que los hombres en la CC y el ICT. Por último, tantomujeres como varones presentaron niveles de AF bajos. Conclusión: Gran parte de los individuos exhiben altera-ción en los marcadores de adiposidad estudiados, sobre todoa nivel central y más aún en las mujeres, así como uno nivelde AF muy pobre por lo que ambos parámetros podrían contribuir al desarrollo de ECV (AU)

Introduction: Low levels of physical activity (PA) and highlevels of obesity have been reported in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), associated with the multiple barriers they face in accessing sports facilities or exercise programs, placing them in a situation of vulnerability and increased riskof possible cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: to analyze the leve lof PA, body adiposity, andblood pressure in individuals with ID who attend an occupational training center. Methods: A sample of 11 men and 7 women aged between 18 and 60 years was formed. Data were obtained on PA levels, as well as measurements of body mass index(BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR)and blood pressure. Results: Women obtained higher results in adiposity indi-cators while men obtained higher blood pressure, all variables without significant differences. Next, women presented val-ues considered at risk for CC, BMI and BTI, while men pre-sented values considered at risk for CC and BTI. Finally, bothwomen and men had low levels of PA. Conclusion: Most of the individuals showed alterations inthe adiposity markers studied, especially at the central leveland even more so in women, as well as a very poor level ofPA, so that both risk factors could contribute to the development of CVD (AU)

Results from the Uruguay's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents.

Background/objective: Uruguay was enrolled in the fourth edition of the Global Matrix on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents with the aim of producing its second Report Card and analyses on the ten core indicators. Methods: A harmonized development process proposed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was followed. The best available scientific and grey literature was systematically searched for all the indicators included in the Report Card (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). A grading scale ranging from A to F was used. A new approach was used to grade the Government indicator according to the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance guidance. Results: New information was identified and 7 out of 10 indicators were graded, while there were 3 out of 10 indicators with incomplete information to be graded. An gender-based analysis was included in this second Report Card, providing separate grades for 5 of the indicators [girls/boys]: Overall Physical Activity [F/F], Organized Sport Participation [F/D], Active Transportation [C/C], Sedentary Behavior [D+/D+], and Community and Environment [D+/C-]. The comparison between 2018 and 2022 analysis showed a decrease in Overall Physical Activity and Organized Sport Participation, while the sources of influence School and Government obtained a higher grade in comparison with the previous Report Card. Conclusion: Uruguay has developed its second version of the Report Card on physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents. The gender analysis showed inequalities between girls and boys. In summary, behavioral indicators have decreased while sources of influence have risen along the time.

Physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents in Uruguay: A scoping review based on the Global Matrix initiative.

Background: The first Uruguay's Report Card in 2018 based on the Global Matrix initiative showed the lack of information on physical activity in children and adolescents. This study mapped and examined the available evidence on physical activity-related indicators based on Uruguay's 2022 Report Card. Methods: The scoping review was reported using the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed for the period between 2018 and 2021, including electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, and Latindex), gray literature (Google Scholar, open access thesis, relevant websites of State-agencies and International Organizations), national and regional relevant journals, and reference lists of key texts. Two researchers independently conducted both the selection and data-charting process. Data items from each paper were charted based on the Population, Concept, and Context elements reflected in the objective of the review. A narrative synthesis and network plots were conducted to summarize the evidence. Results: A total of 20 papers were included in this review, consisting of four peer-reviewed scientific papers, three bachelor's theses, four official documents of State-agencies, four Government reports, of which three included national surveys, and five laws. Strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge gaps were identified from the available evidence. We synthesized main challenges such as publishing scientific studies, establishing cross-national and cross-sectoral collaborations in research projects, generating high-quality data, reporting information on social inequality indicators that influence equitable distribution, or increasing access to public information. Our results support early emerging and growth research on this topic. However, despite existing papers on physical activity-related indicators in Uruguayan youths, the lack of high-quality evidence remains clear. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review provide the best available evidence for identifying and overcoming the challenges of physical activity-related indicators research in Uruguay. The methodological framework used could be useful for countries involved in future editions of the Global Matrix initiative. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/hstbd/.

Actividad física basada en dispositivos versus autorreporte en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos / Device-based monitoring in physical activity versus self-report in Uruguayan university students / Atividade física baseada em dispositivos versus atividade física autorreferida em estudantes universitários uruguaios

Resumen: Introducción: la medición precisa de la actividad física (AF) es clave para analizar su asociación con resultados de salud. Sin embargo, en Uruguay no existen estudios que comparen diferentes métodos para determinar la AF en adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la confiabilidad del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos y evaluar su validez concurrente en comparación con la AF basada en dispositivos. Método: 54 estudiantes universitarios de educación física completaron el IPAQ (versión larga) en dos ocasiones con 7 días de diferencia y utilizaron acelerómetros GeneActiv durante ese período. La confiabilidad se evaluó a través del Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (ICC) y se utilizó el análisis de Bland-Altman para determinar la validez concurrente. Resultados: todos los dominios de AF mostraron niveles moderados de ICC. El transporte (ICC = 0,64), el tiempo libre (ICC = 0,58), y la AF total (ICC = 0,53) fueron los dominios con niveles moderados más altos. El total de minutos de AF evaluados a través del IPAQ en las dos ocasiones reportó un promedio de 773 minutos de diferencia (IC 95% 362,88-1.184,01). La diferencia de minutos de AF entre la evaluación con el IPAQ y con los acelerómetros es de 752 minutos (IC 95% 418,05-1.087.16). Conclusiones: el IPAQ sobreestima la AF respecto al acelerómetro en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos, sin embargo fue más confiable al considerar dominios de transporte y tiempo libre para los participantes que reportaron realizar un promedio menor a 400 minutos de AF semanal.

Summary: Introduction: precise measurement of physical activity (PA) is key to analyze its association with health results. However, there are no studies in Uruguay comparing the different methods to determine PA in adults. The study aims to analyze the reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Uruguayan university students and to assess its validity by comparing it to device-based monitoring PA. Method: 54 Physical Education university students completed the IPAQ (long version) on 2 occasions with a 7 day difference using GeneActive accelerometers during that period. Reliability was assessed with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine concurrent validity. Results: all PA domains evidenced moderate ICC levels. Transport (ICC= 0.64), free time (ICC= 0.58) and total PA (ICC= 0.53) were the domains with the highest moderate levels. The total number of minutes of PA assessed by IPAQ reported an average of a 773 minutes difference (CI 95%: 362.88; 1184.01). Difference of PA in minutes, considering the assessment with the IPAQ and the accelerometers is 752 minutes (CI 95%: 418.05; 1087.16). Conclusions: the IPAQ overestimates the PA when compared to the accelerometer in Uruguayan university students. However, it was more reliable when considering the transport and free time domains for participants who reported an average physical activity under 400 minutes per week.

Resumo: Introdução: a mensuração precisa da atividade física (AF) é fundamental para analisar sua associação com desfechos de saúde. No entanto, no Uruguai não existem estudos que comparem diferentes métodos para determinar a AF em adultos. Objetivo: analisar a confiabilidade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em estudantes universitários uruguaios e avaliar sua validade concorrente em comparação com a AF baseada em dispositivos. Método: 54 estudantes universitários de Educação Física preencheram o IPAQ (versão longa) em 2 ocasiões com 7 dias de intervalo e usaram acelerômetros GeneActiv durante esse período. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e a análise de Bland-Altman foi utilizada para determinar a validade concorrente. Resultados: todos os domínios da AF apresentaram níveis moderados de ICC. Transporte (ICC = 0,64), tempo livre (ICC = 0,58) e AF total (ICC = 0,53) foram os domínios com os níveis moderados mais altos. O total de minutos de AF avaliados pelo IPAQ em ambas as ocasiões apresentou diferença média de 773 minutos (IC 95%: 362,88; 1184,01). A diferença em minutos de AF entre a avaliação com o IPAQ e com os acelerômetros é de 752 minutos (IC 95%: 418,05; 1087,16). Conclusões: o IPAQ superestima a AF em relação ao acelerômetro em universitários uruguaios, porém, foi mais confiável ao considerar os domínios transporte e tempo livre para participantes que relataram realizar em média menos de 400 minutos de AF por semana.

Beneficios de los videojuegos activos sobre parámetros de aptitud física relacionada con la salud: un comentario en tiempos de cuarentena / Benefits of active videogames on health-related physical fitness parameters: Commentary in the times of quarantine / Benefícios dos videogames ativos nos parâmetros de condicionamento físico relacionados à saúde: um comentário em tempos de quarentena

Resumen: En la actualidad estamos viviendo una pandemia provocada por el virus del SARS-CoV-2, el COVID-19, siendo lo más recomendado quedarse en casa para disminuir el contagio y que éste se reduzca al mínimo posible. En el siglo XXI la tecnología está más presente que nunca y forma parte de nuestra vida cotidiana. Dado que existe un importante abuso de aquélla, especialmente por parte de los adolescentes, desde nuestra perspectiva promotora del movimiento y de la reducción del comportamiento sedentario, proponemos el uso de los videojuegos activos como sustitución de los videojuegos convencionales. Para ello, se han revisado los principales beneficios que éstos pueden aportar, tanto a la población más joven como a los adultos mayores. Este último grupo de edad es uno de los más afectados por la pandemia y por tanto hay una fuerte recomendación para que permanezcan en sus hogares. No obstante, se recomienda hacer un uso responsable y no invertir un tiempo excesivo que pueda conllevar perjuicios.

Summary: We are currently living the SARS CoV2, COVID-19 pandemic, the highest recommendation being to stay at home to reduce the risk of contagion and thus disease transmission to the minimum. More than ever, technology is part of our daily life in this 21st century. Given the significant abuse of technology, in particular by adolescents, and considering our perspective that is grounded on promoting movement and reducing a sedentary lifestyle, we suggest using active videogames to substitute conventional ones. To that end, we have conducted a review of the main benefits of videogames on the younger population, as well as on older adults, who constitute one of the most affected sectors by the pandemic and were consequently strongly encouraged to stay at home. However, a recommendation is made to make a responsible use of active videogames and avoid investing excessive time, what may result in a negative impact.

Resumo: No momento vivemos uma pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, sendo o mais recomendado ficar em casa para reduzir o contágio e que este seja reduzido ao mínimo possível. No século 21, a tecnologia está mais presente do que nunca e faz parte do nosso dia a dia. Tendo em vista que há significativo abuso da mesma, principalmente por adolescentes, na nossa perspectiva que promove o movimento e a redução do comportamento sedentário, propomos o uso de videogames ativos em substituição aos videogames convencionais. Para isso, fizemos uma revisão dos principais benefícios que estas podem trazer, tanto para a população mais jovem como para os idosos. Esta última faixa etária é uma das mais afetadas pela pandemia e, portanto, há uma forte recomendação para que fiquem em casa. No entanto, é recomendável usá-lo com responsabilidade e não investir tempo excessivo que possa causar danos.

Concordancia entre dos ecuaciones para estimar el porcentaje de grasa corporal en deportistas universitarios de competición / Concordance between two equations to estimate the percentage of body fatin competitive college athletes

INTRODUCCIÓN: Hoy en día, algunas ecuaciones para estimar el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) en deportistas son aquellas en donde se emplean 4 y 6 pliegues subcutáneos y, de acuerdo a la ecuación representará un tiempo importante en la ejecución de mediciones acelerando o no éste proceso y teniendo la posibilidad de medir a más o menos sujetos. Se pretende así como objetivo conocer el nivel de concordancia entre el %GC mediante dos ecuaciones antropométricas específicas para deportistas: Faulkner (1968) y Carter (1982). Material y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 147 deportistas de diferentes disciplinas midiéndose 6 pliegues cutáneos. Para los análisis estadísticos se emplearon los métodos de Bland-Altman y el de correlación intraclase para el nivel de concordancia, el test de Kappa de Cohen para el grado de acuerdo entre categorías y la t de Student. RESULTADOS: En las mujeres los promedios de los modelos empleados no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P=0,28) más, en los hombres si hubo diferencias (p < 0,000), las mujeres obtuvieron un nivel de concordancia muy bueno y un valor de bias de 1,22; en tanto que en el grupo de hombres se presenta una buena concordancia y un valor de bias de 3,39 y, de acuerdo al análisis Kappa, se muestra un grado de acuerdo alto y muy alto entre categorías de las mujeres, sucediendo lo contrario en el grupo de hombres, en donde se han obtenido índices Kappa muy bajos a moderados. CONCLUSIONES: Ambos modelos pueden ser intercambiables en las mujeres, para los hombres se recomienda el uso de cada ecuación dentro del grupo específico de donde se desarrolló

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, some equations to estimate the percentage of body fat (%BF) in athletes are those where 4 and 6 subcutaneous folds are used and, according to the equation, it will represent an important time in the execution of measurements accelerating or not this process and having the possibility of measuring more or less subjects. It is thus intended as an objective to know the level of concordance between the %BF through two anthropometric equations specific to athletes: Faulkner (1968) and Carter (1982). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 147 athletes from different disciplines were selected measuring 6 skin folds. For the statistical analyzes, the Bland-Altman methods and the intraclass correlation method were used for the level of concordance, the Cohen Kappa test for the degree of agreement between categories and the student t. RESULTS: In women the averages of the models used did not show statistically significant differences (P = 0.28) more, in men if there were differences (p <0.000), the women obtained a very good level of concordance and a value of 1.22 bias; while in the group of men there is a good concordance and a value of bias of 3.39 and, according to the Kappa analysis, a high and very high degree of agreement between categories of women is shown, the opposite happening in the group of men, where very low to moderate Kappa indices have been obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Both models can be interchangeable in women, for men it is recommended to use each equation within the specific group from which it was developed

Índices antropométricos y salud en estudiantes de ingeniería de la Universidad de Carabobo / Anthropometric indices and health in students of engineering of the University of Carabobo

Los indicadores antropométricos son valores de dimensión y composición corporal que ofrecen información útil para la evaluación del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), por el exceso de grasa y la distribución de ésta. Se pretende así analizar el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura/cadera (ICC) y el índice cintura/talla (ICT) como predictores de riesgo de alteraciones cardiovasculares. La muestra la conformaron 334 participantes 133 mujeres y 201 varones. Se consideraron las variables e índices tales como la talla (cm) y el peso (kg) para la obtención del IMC, la circunferencia de la cintura a nivel umbilical y de la cadera (cm) para obtener el ICC y se calculó el ICT dividiendo la circunferencia de la cintura (cm) entre la talla (cm). Referente al IMC, las mujeres obtuvieron un promedio de 21,9 kg/m2, en donde el 15,8% presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; así mismo, los varones alcanzaron un IMC de 23,9 kg/m2, en tanto, el 32,9% presentó valores altos fuera de los normados. En relación al ICC, el 98,7% de las mujeres y el 96,0% de los varones presentaron valores inferiores a los considerados de riesgo. Por último, en cuanto al ICT, el 13,5% de la muestra estudiada presenta valores elevados. Se concluye que el 26,0% y el 13,5% de la muestra posee alteración en los índices de IMC e ICT respectivamente y riesgo de sufrir ECV (AU)

Anthropometric indicators are values of dimension and body composition that provide useful information for the evaluation of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), excess fat and the distribution of this. Therefore aims to analyze the body mass index (BMI), the waisthip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of risk of cardiovascular disorders. Sample 334 participants formed the 133 females and 201 males. Considered the variables and indices such as height (cm) and weight (kg) for the obtaining of the BMI, the umbilical level waist and hip circumference (cm) for the WHR and the WHtR was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (cm) between the height (cm). Regarding BMI, women obtained an average of 21.9 kg/m2, where 15.8% presented overweight and obesity; Likewise, males reached a BMI of 23.9 kg/m2, meanwhile, 32.9% presented high values outside the regulated. In relation to the WHR, 98.7% of the women and 96.0% of men presented lower values than those considered risk. Finally, as for the WIH, 13.5% of the sample presented high values. It is concluded that 26.0% and 13.5% of the sample has alteration in levels of BMI and WIH respectively and risk of CVD (AU)